Showing posts with label addiction pills. Show all posts
Showing posts with label addiction pills. Show all posts

Wednesday, July 15, 2009

Addiction Science and the Problem of Perception


Why don’t mental health professionals get it?

Dr. Joanna Moncrieff, identified by the BBC News as a “mental health expert,” gave the world the benefit of her view on the use of drugs for mental disorders in a July 15 article titled “The Myth of the Chemical Cure.”

Joanna Moncreiff’s version goes like this:

“If you've seen a doctor about emotional problems some time over the past 20 years, you may have been told that you had a chemical imbalance, and that you needed tablets to correct it. “

True.

“Magazines, newspapers, patients' organisations and internet sites have all publicised the idea that conditions like depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder can be treated by drugs that help to rectify an underlying brain problem.”

True.

“People with schizophrenia and other conditions are frequently told that they need to take psychiatric medication for the rest of their lives to stabilise their brain chemicals, just like a diabetic needs to take insulin. The trouble is there is little justification for this view of psychiatric drugs.”

Deeply, undeniably false.

“First, although ideas like the serotonin theory of depression have been widely publicised, scientific research has not detected any reliable abnormalities of the serotonin system in people who are depressed.”

False—but a new and increasingly popular line of attack. None of the major findings about the relationship between serotonin metabolism and clinical unipolar depression has been overturned. The Serotonin hypothesis of unipolar depression is still a fundamentally sound and useful model, as evidence by the stunning success of serotonin-boosting antidepressants.

But wait! The success of SSRIs is proof that serotonin has nothing to do with it! Moncrieff writes: “It is frequently overlooked that drugs used in psychiatry are psychoactive drugs, like alcohol and cannabis. Psychoactive drugs make people feel different; they put people into an altered mental and physical state. They affect everyone, regardless of whether they have a mental disorder or not.”

False—all three statements. A trifecta of untruths. Psychoactive drugs for mental illness are not necessarily chemically akin to alcohol and cannabis, many of the drugs do not “make people feel different” or vault them into an altered mental state, and the drugs do not effect most “normal” people who do not have one of the underlying mental disorders the drugs are designed to treat.

“In my view it remains more plausible that they ‘work’ by producing drug-induced states which suppress or mask emotional problems.’

False—and happily, her view on the matter is not shared by many reputable neurologists. The quotation marks around the word “work” would seem to tell us all we need to know about Ms. Moncrieff’s relationship to modern medicine.

“At the moment people are being encouraged to believe that taking a pill will make them feel better by reversing some defective brain process.”

True--and we should thank our lucky stars that we have progressed out of the dark ages when it comes to the treatment of mental illness.

“If, on the other hand, we gave people a clearer picture, drug treatment might not always be so appealing.”

True—but on another hand, uncounted numbers of addicted people might find the prospect very appealing, if only they could afford it, or were under the care of a health professional who understood what the medication could do for her patients.

Graphics Credit: 1800blogger


Sunday, March 8, 2009

Drug Research and the Recovery Act of 2009


What's in the budget for addiction scientists?

Scientists were among the likely beneficiaries of President Obama’s American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is slated to receive $10 billion for use over the next two years. A yet-to-be-determined portion of the grant will end up with the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).

Here is a sampling of NIDA’s wish, or “Challenge Topics” for which the agency is seeking grant proposals. The application due date is April 27, 2009.

--Dietary treatment of substance disorders.
“There is abundant preclinical and clinical evidence that suggest dietary therapies and behavioral interventions can promote neurogenesis, diminish susceptibility to metabolic and excitotoxic injury (e.g., diets rich in antioxidants), and/or counteract stress responses within the brain. Dietary regimens or supplements can be evaluated as individual treatments or as adjuncts to FDA-approved medications.”

--Drug genetics and informed consent.
“Address ethical issues related to access to broad sharing and use of new genetic information and technologies for addiction research to improve treatment and prevention options for addicts.”

--Addiction drugs combined in treatment.
“Network biological analysis predicts that modification of a single target by a drug is not nearly as likely to affect disease outcome as would rational combinations of drugs that target multiple, complementary mechanisms. Applications will focus on combination of medication strategies for the treatment of substance use disorders.”

--Neurobiology of opioid addiction.
“There is an urgent need for research that will more thoroughly delineate the neurobiological implications of long-term opioid use. This knowledge gap is of particular concern when it comes to the developing brain - and the urgency is underscored by the fact that increasing numbers of adolescents and young adults are using opioid medications, prescribed and otherwise.”

--Research on addiction drugs for pregnant women.
“Substance abuse during pregnancy often occurs in the context of complex environmental factors and poly-drug exposure, as well as medical conditions which are associated with adverse neonatal consequences. Much is known in regard to the negative effects of substances of abuse on the pregnant/post partum women and their substance exposed neonates but relatively little is known in regard to medication treatment strategies and research methodology.”

--Internet-based prevention and treatment in rural locations.
“Many persons living in remote or rural locations have limited opportunities to obtain drug abuse treatment services, due to a lack of available service settings, the barrier of traveling long distances, and/or the perceived lack of private and confidential treatment options. This program seeks to develop web-based drug abuse treatment interventions that do not necessitate frequent in-person visits to a central facility.”

--Finding new molecular targets for addiction treatment drugs.
“Projects may utilize techniques ranging from gene knockout technologies, behavioral evaluations, assay development, and targeted library synthesis and screening that could lead to the development of medications for drug addiction treatment. The focus may be on the identification of new molecular targets, and/or the discovery of small molecule selective ligands for previously identified targets, such as muscarinic M5 antagonists, neuropeptide Y antagonists, and neurotensin agonists.”

For general information on the National Institute on Drug Abuse implementation of NIH Challenge Grants, contact:

Christine Colvis, Ph.D.
NIDA Challenge Grant Program Coordinator
National Institute on Drug Abuse
National Institutes of Health
Phone 301-443-6480
Email ccolvis@nida.nih.gov


Photo Credit:www.ecampusnews.com

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